In the previous blogs we saw the use of certificates to
encapsulate symmetric keys. How it benefits the user by maintaining the
password rather than user having to mention it every time a key is opened for
use.
In all the above methods we are protecting data at a
granular level like tables and columns.
What if we wish to protect data at the
higher level? Let’s say no one should be
able to see any data in my database until I authorize to do so. I wish to
protect all my data which implies all the data that resides in my database
files and log files. From SQL server 2008 this functionality was provided through Transparent Data Encryption. As per definition by Microsoft, TDE performs real-time I/O encryption and decryption
of the data and log files. The encryption uses a database encryption key (DEK),
which is stored in the database boot record for availability during recovery.
Isn’t it amazing
even if accidentally someone were to get access to the data and log files they
would be able to attach the database and view the information. Or let’s say
they get access to the backup files they still wouldn’t get the data by a
normal restore operation.
The encryption of
files and decryption happens by SQL server in memory. The data at rest is
cipher text. It does impact the performance while these operations are
performed in memory. Pages are first decrypted and then the data is provided to
the receiving client.
How it happens
1) CREATE
MASTER KEY
USE
TESTDB;
GO
CREATE
MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = '1211!pwD##';
GO
2) CREATE
CERTIFICATE
CREATE CERTIFICATE TestCertificate
WITH SUBJECT = 'For TDE for TESTDB’,
GO
3) CREATE
DATABASE ENCRYPTION KEY
CREATE DATABASE ENCRYPTION KEY
WITH ALGORITHM
= AES_128
ENCRYPTION BY SERVER CERTIFICATE TestCertificate
GO
4) ALTER
DATABASE SET ENCRYPTION ON
ALTER DATABASE
TESTDB
SET ENCRYPTION
ON
GO
Very informative and useful blog.
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